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D8088-2 Datasheet(PDF) 11 Page - Intel Corporation |
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D8088-2 Datasheet(HTML) 11 Page - Intel Corporation |
11 / 30 page 8088 ing the direction of the bus during read operations In the event that a ‘‘NOT READY’’ indication is given by the addressed device ‘‘wait’’ states (Tw) are in- serted between T3 and T4 Each inserted ‘‘wait’’ state is of the same duration as a CLK cycle Periods can occur between 8088 driven bus cycles These are referred to as ‘‘idle’’ states (Ti) or inactive CLK cycles The processor uses these cycles for internal housekeeping During T1 of any bus cycle the ALE (address latch enable) signal is emitted (by either the processor or the 8288 bus controller depending on the MNMX strap) At the trailing edge of this pulse a valid ad- dress and certain status information for the cycle may be latched Status bits S0 S1 and S2 are used by the bus con- troller in maximum mode to identify the type of bus transaction according to the following table S2 S1 S0 Characteristics 0(LOW) 0 0 Interrupt Acknowledge 0 0 1 Read IO 0 1 0 Write IO 0 1 1 Halt 1(HIGH) 0 0 Instruction Fetch 1 0 1 Read Data from Memory 1 1 0 Write Data to Memory 1 1 1 Passive (No Bus Cycle) Status bits S3 through S6 are multiplexed with high order address bits and are therefore valid during T2 through T4 S3 and S4 indicate which segment reg- ister was used for this bus cycle in forming the ad- dress according to the following table S4 S3 Characteristics 0(LOW) 0 Alternate Data (Extra Segment) 0 1 Stack 1(HIGH) 0 Code or None 1 1 Data S5 is a reflection of the PSW interrupt enable bit S6 is always equal to 0 IO Addressing In the 8088 IO operations can address up to a maximum of 64K IO registers The IO address ap- pears in the same format as the memory address on bus lines A15 – A0 The address lines A19 – A16 are zero in IO operations The variable IO instructions which use register DX as a pointer have full address capability while the direct IO instructions directly address one or two of the 256 IO byte locations in page 0 of the IO address space IO ports are ad- dressed in the same manner as memory locations Designers familiar with the 8085 or upgrading an 8085 design should note that the 8085 addresses IO with an 8-bit address on both halves of the 16- bit address bus The 8088 uses a full 16-bit address on its lower 16 address lines EXTERNAL INTERFACE Processor Reset and Initialization Processor initialization or start up is accomplished with activation (HIGH) of the RESET pin The 8088 RESET is required to be HIGH for greater than four clock cycles The 8088 will terminate operations on the high-going edge of RESET and will remain dor- mant as long as RESET is HIGH The low-going transition of RESET triggers an internal reset se- quence for approximately 7 clock cycles After this interval the 8088 operates normally beginning with the instruction in absolute locations FFFF0H (See Figure 4) The RESET input is internally synchroniz- ed to the processor clock At initialization the HIGH to LOW transition of RESET must occur no sooner than 50 ms after power up to allow complete initiali- zation of the 8088 NMI asserted prior to the 2nd clock after the end of RESET will not be honored If NMI is asserted after that point and during the internal reset sequence the processor may execute one instruction before responding to the interrupt A hold request active immediately after RESET will be honored before the first instruction fetch All 3-state outputs float to 3-state OFF during RESET Status is active in the idle state for the first clock after RESET becomes active and then floats to 3-state OFF ALE and HLDA are driven low Interrupt Operations Interrupt operations fall into two classes software or hardware initiated The software initiated interrupts and software aspects of hardware interrupts are specified in the instruction set description in the iAPX 88 book or the iAPX 8688 User’s Manual Hardware interrupts can be classified as nonmaska- ble or maskable 11 |
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