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PIC12C508 Datasheet(PDF) 9 Page - Microchip Technology |
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PIC12C508 Datasheet(HTML) 9 Page - Microchip Technology |
9 / 337 page © 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30234D-page 9 PIC16C6X 3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW The high performance of the PIC16CXX family can be attributed to a number of architectural features com- monly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with, the PIC16CXX uses a Harvard architecture, in which, program and data are accessed from separate memo- ries using separate buses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von Neumann architecture where pro- gram and data may be fetched from the same memory using the same bus. Separating program and data bus- ses further allows instructions to be sized differently than 8-bit wide data words. Instruction opcodes are 14-bits wide making it possible to have all single word instructions. A 14-bit wide program memory access bus fetches a 14-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two- stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instruc- tions (Example 3-1). Consequently, all instructions exe- cute in a single cycle (200 ns @ 20 MHz) except for program branches. The PIC16C61 addresses 1K x 14 of program memory. The PIC16C62/62A/R62/64/64A/R64 address 2K x 14 of program memory, and the PIC16C63/R63/65/65A/R65 devices address 4K x 14 of program memory. The PIC16C66/67 address 8K x 14 program memory. All program memory is internal. The PIC16CXX can directly or indirectly address its register files or data memory. All special function reg- isters including the program counter are mapped in the data memory. The PIC16CXX has an orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry out any operation on any register using any addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of “special optimal situations” makes programming with the PIC16CXX simple yet efficient, thus significantly reducing the learning curve. The PIC16CXX device contains an 8-bit ALU and work- ing register (W). The ALU is a general purpose arith- metic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between data in the working register and any register file. The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, sub- traction, shift, and logical operations. Unless otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's comple- ment in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand is the working register (W register), the other operand is a file register or an immediate con- stant. In single operand instructions, the operand is either the W register or a file register. The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU operations. It is not an addressable register. Depending upon the instruction executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. Bits C and DC operate as a borrow and digit borrow out bit, respec- tively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF instructions for examples. |
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