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PIC16C621 Datasheet(PDF) 11 Page - Microchip Technology |
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PIC16C621 Datasheet(HTML) 11 Page - Microchip Technology |
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11 / 128 page  2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30235J-page 9 PIC16C62X 3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW The high performance of the PIC16C62X family can be attributed to a number of architectural features commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with, the PIC16C62X uses a Harvard architecture, in which, program and data are accessed from separate memories using separate busses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von Neumann architecture, where program and data are fetched from the same memory. Separating program and data memory further allows instructions to be sized differently than 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are 14-bits wide making it possible to have all single word instructions. A 14-bit wide program memory access bus fetches a 14-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instructions. Consequently, all instructions (35) execute in a single cycle (200 ns @ 20 MHz) except for program branches. The PIC16C620(A) and PIC16CR620A address 512 x 14 on-chip program memory. The PIC16C621(A) addresses 1K x 14 program memory. The PIC16C622(A) addresses 2K x 14 program memory. All program memory is internal. The PIC16C62X can directly or indirectly address its register files or data memory. All special function registers including the program counter are mapped in the data memory. The PIC16C62X has an orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry out any operation on any register using any Addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of ‘special optimal situations’ make programming with the PIC16C62X simple yet efficient. In addition, the learning curve is reduced significantly. The PIC16C62X devices contain an 8-bit ALU and working register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between data in the working register and any register file. The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's complement in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand is the working register (W register). The other operand is a file register or an immediate constant. In single operand instructions, the operand is either the W register or a file register. The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU operations. It is not an addressable register. Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow and Digit Borrow out bit, respectively, bit in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF instructions for examples. A simplified block diagram is shown in Figure 3-1, with a description of the device pins in Table 3-1. |
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