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EP1AGX Datasheet(PDF) 23 Page - Altera Corporation |
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EP1AGX Datasheet(HTML) 23 Page - Altera Corporation |
23 / 234 page Chapter 2: Arria GX Architecture 2–17 Transceivers © December 2009 Altera Corporation Arria GX Device Handbook, Volume 1 Figure 2–16 shows misaligned channels before the channel aligner and the aligned channels after the channel aligner. Rate Matcher In asynchronous systems, the upstream transmitter and local receiver can be clocked with independent reference clock sources. Frequency differences in the order of a few hundred PPM can potentially corrupt the data at the receiver. The rate matcher compensates for small clock frequency differences between the upstream transmitter and the local receiver clocks by inserting or removing skip characters from the inter packet gap (IPG) or idle streams. It inserts a skip character if the local receiver is running a faster clock than the upstream transmitter. It deletes a skip character if the local receiver is running a slower clock than the upstream transmitter. The Quartus II software automatically configures the appropriate skip character as specified in the IEEE 802.3 for GIGE mode and PCI-Express Base Specification for PCI Express (PIPE) mode. The rate matcher is bypassed in Serial RapidIO and must be implemented in the PLD logic array or external circuits depending on your system design. Table 2–5 lists the maximum frequency difference that the rate matcher can tolerate in XAUI, PCI Express (PIPE), GIGE, and Basic functional modes. Figure 2–16. Before and After the Channel Aligner KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 3 KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 2 KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 1 KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 0 KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 3 KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 2 KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 1 KR KKK R R RK K R A Lane 0 Table 2–5. Rate Matcher PPM Tolerance Function Mode PPM XAUI ± 100 PCI Express (PIPE) ± 300 GIGE ± 100 Basic ± 300 |
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