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PIC12F519 Datasheet(PDF) 51 Page - Microchip Technology |
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PIC12F519 Datasheet(HTML) 51 Page - Microchip Technology |
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51 / 88 page  © 2007 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41319A-page 49 PIC12F519 9.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY The PIC12F519 instruction set is highly orthogonal and is comprised of three basic categories. • Byte-oriented operations • Bit-oriented operations • Literal and control operations Each PIC12F519 instruction is a 12-bit word divided into an opcode, which specifies the instruction type, and one or more operands which further specify the operation of the instruction. The formats for each of the categories is presented in Figure 9-1, while the various opcode fields are summarized in Table 9-1. For byte-oriented instructions, ‘f’ represents a file reg- ister designator and ‘d’ represents a destination desig- nator. The file register designator specifies which file register is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. For bit-oriented instructions, ‘b’ represents a bit field designator which selects the number of the bit affected by the operation, while ‘f’ represents the number of the file in which the bit is located. For literal and control operations, ‘k’ represents an 8 or 9-bit constant or literal value. TABLE 9-1: OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS All instructions are executed within a single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction. In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 μs. If a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 μs. Figure 9-1 shows the three general formats that the instructions can have. All examples in the figure use the following format to represent a hexadecimal number: 0xhhh where ‘h’ signifies a hexadecimal digit. FIGURE 9-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS Field Description f Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) W Working register (accumulator) b Bit address within an 8-bit file register k Literal field, constant data or label x Don’t care location (= 0 or 1) The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. d Destination select; d = 0 (store result in W) d = 1 (store result in file register ‘f’) Default is d = 1 label Label name TOS Top-of-Stack PC Program Counter WDT Watchdog Timer counter TO Time-out bit PD Power-down bit dest Destination, either the W register or the specified register file location [ ] Options ( ) Contents → Assigned to < > Register bit field ∈ In the set of italics User defined term (font is courier) Byte-oriented file register operations 11 6 5 4 0 d = 0 for destination W OPCODE d f (FILE #) d = 1 for destination f f = 5-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 11 8 7 5 4 0 OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #) b = 3-bit bit address f = 5-bit file register address Literal and control operations (except GOTO) 11 8 7 0 OPCODE k (literal) k = 8-bit immediate value Literal and control operations – GOTO instruction 11 9 8 0 OPCODE k (literal) k = 9-bit immediate value |
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