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TPA6110A2-07 Datasheet(PDF) 15 Page - Texas Instruments |
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TPA6110A2-07 Datasheet(HTML) 15 Page - Texas Instruments |
15 / 20 page www.ti.com MIDRAIL BYPASS CAPACITOR, C (B) 1 C (B) 230 k Ω v 1 C i Ri (6) 1 C (B) 230 k Ω v 1 C i Ri 1 R LC(C) (8) USING LOW-ESR CAPACITORS OUTPUT COUPLING CAPACITOR, C (C) 5-V VERSUS 3.3-V OPERATION fc + 1 2p R L C(C) (7) TPA6110A2 SLOS314A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2004 Table 1. Common Load Impedances vs Low- Frequency Output Characteristics in SE Mode The midrail bypass capacitor, C(B), serves several RL C(C) LOWEST FREQUENCY important functions. During start up, C(B) determines 32 Ω 68 µF 73 Hz the rate at which the amplifier starts up. This helps to push the start-up pop noise into the subaudible range 10,000 Ω 68 µF 0.23 Hz (so low it can not be heard). The second function is to 47,000 Ω 68 µF 0.05 Hz reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. This noise is As Table 1 indicates, headphone response is ad- from the midrail generation circuit internal to the equate, and drive into line level inputs (a home stereo amplifier. The capacitor is fed from a 230-k Ω source for example) is very good. inside the amplifier. To keep the start-up pop as low as possible, maintain the relationship shown in The output coupling capacitor required in Equation 6. single-supply SE mode also places additional con- straints on the selection of other components in the amplifier circuit. With the rules described earlier still valid, add the following relationship: Consider an example circuit where C(B) is 1 µF, Ci is 1 µF, and Ri is 20 kΩ. Subsitituting these values into the equation 9 results in: 6.25 ≤ 50 which satisfies the rule. Bypass capacitor, C(B), values of 0.1 µF to 1 µF ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors are rec- ommended for the best THD and noise performance. Low-ESR capacitors are recommended throughout this application. A real capacitor can be modeled simply as a resistor in series with an ideal capacitor. The voltage drop across this resistor minimizes the In a typical single-supply, single-ended (SE) configur- beneficial effects of the capacitor in the circuit. The ation, an output coupling capacitor (C(C)) is required lower the equivalent value of this resistance, the to block the dc bias at the output of the amplifier, thus more the real capacitor behaves like an ideal capaci- preventing dc currents in the load. As with the input tor. coupling capacitor, the output coupling capacitor and impedance of the load form a high-pass filter governed by Equation 7. The TPA6110A2 was designed for operation over a supply range of 2.5 V to 5.5 V. This data sheet provides full specifications for 5-V and 3.3-V oper- ation, since these are considered to be the two most The main disadvantage, from a performance stand- common supply voltages. There are no special con- point, is that the typically-small load impedance drives siderations for 3.3-V versus 5-V operation as far as the low-frequency corner higher. Large values of C(C) supply bypassing, gain setting, or stability. The most are required to pass low frequencies into the load. important consideration is that of output power. Each Consider the example where a C(C) of 68 µF is amplifier in theTPA6110A2 can produce a maximum chosen and loads vary from 32 Ω to 47 kΩ. Table 1 voltage swing of VDD– 1 V. This means, for 3.3-V summarizes the frequency response characteristics operation, clipping starts to occur when VO(PP) = 2.3 V of each configuration. as opposed when VO(PP) = 4 V while operating at 5 V. The reduced voltage swing subsequently reduces maximum output power into the load before distortion becomes significant. 15 |
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