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HT36FA Datasheet(PDF) 5 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc

Part # HT36FA
Description  Music Synthesizer 8-Bit MCU
Download  37 Pages
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Manufacturer  HOLTEK [Holtek Semiconductor Inc]
Direct Link  http://www.holtek.com
Logo HOLTEK - Holtek Semiconductor Inc

HT36FA Datasheet(HTML) 5 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc

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HT36FA
Rev. 1.10
5
March 13, 2006
Function Description
Execution Flow
The system clock for the HT36FA is derived from either
a crystal or an RC oscillator. The oscillator frequency di-
vided by 2 is the system clock for the MCU and it is inter-
nally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One
instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles.
Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such
a way that a fetch takes one instruction cycle while de-
coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle.
However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruc-
tion to effectively execute in one cycle. If an instruction
changes the program counter, two cycles are required
to complete the instruction.
Program Counter
- PC
The 13-bit program counter (PC) controls the sequence
in which the instructions stored in program ROM are ex-
ecuted and its contents specify a maximum of 8192 ad-
dresses for each bank.
After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in-
struction code, the contents of the program counter are
incremented by one. The program counter then points
to the memory word containing the next instruction
code.
When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex-
ecution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial re-
set, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from
subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by
loading the address corresponding to each instruction.
The conditional skip is activated by instruction. Once the
condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the
current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy
cycle replaces it to retrieve the proper instruction. Other-
wise proceed with the next instruction.
The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a read-
able and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the
PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be
within 256 locations.
Once a control transfer takes place, an additional
dummy cycle is required.
Program ROM
HT36FA provides 18 address lines WA17~WA0 to read
the Program ROM which is up to 2M bits, and is com-
monly used for the wavetable voice codes and the pro-
gram memory. It provides two address types, one type is
for program ROM, which is addressed by a bank pointer
PF3~PF0 and a 13-bit program counter PC12~PC0;
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
F e t c h I N S T ( P C )
E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C - 1 )
F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 1 )
E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C )
F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 2 )
E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C + 1 )
P C
P C + 1
P C + 2
S y s t e m C l o c k o f M C U
( S y s t e m C l o c k / 2 )
P C
Execution Flow
Mode
Program Counter
*16 *15 *14 *13 *12 *11 *10
*9
*8
*7
*6
*5
*4
*3
*2
*1
*0
Initial Reset
00000000000000000
Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow PF3 PF2 PF1 PF0
0000000001000
Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow PF3 PF2 PF1 PF0
0000000001100
Skip
Program Counter+2
Loading PCL
PF3 PF2 PF1 PF0 *12 *11 *10
*9
*8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0
Jump, Call Branch
PF3 PF2 PF1 PF0 #12 #11 #10 #9
#8
#7
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
#0
Return From Subroutine
PF3 PF2 PF1 PF0 S12 S11 S10 S9
S8
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Program Counter
Note:
*12~*0: Bits of Program Counter
@7~@0: Bits of PCL
#12~#0: Bits of Instruction Code
S12~S0: Bits of Stack Register
@7~@0: Bits of PCL
PF3~PF0: Bits of Bank Register


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