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OR3T20-5S240 Datasheet(PDF) 87 Page - Agere Systems |
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OR3T20-5S240 Datasheet(HTML) 87 Page - Agere Systems |
87 / 210 page Lucent Technologies Inc. 87 Data Sheet June 1999 ORCA Series 3C and 3T FPGAs FPGA States of Operation (continued) Start-Up After configuration, the FPGA enters the start-up phase. This phase is the transition between the config- uration and operational states and begins when the number of CCLKs received after INIT goes high is equal to the value of the length count field in the configuration frame and when the end of configuration frame has been written. The system design issue in the start-up phase is to ensure the user I/Os become active without inadvertently activating devices in the system or caus- ing bus contention. A second system design concern is the timing of the release of global set/reset of the PLC latches/FFs. There are configuration options that control the relative timing of three events: DONE going high, release of the set/reset of internal FFs, and user I/Os becoming active. Figure 51 shows the start-up timing for ORCA FPGAs. The system designer determines the relative timing of the I/Os becoming active, DONE going high, and the release of the set/reset of internal FFs. In the ORCA Series FPGA, the three events can occur in any arbitrary sequence. This means that they can occur before or after each other, or they can occur simulta- neously. There are four main start-up modes: CCLK_NOSYNC, CCLK_SYNC, UCLK_NOSYNC, and UCLK_SYNC. The only difference between the modes starting with CCLK and those starting with UCLK is that for the UCLK modes, a user clock must be supplied to the start-up logic. The timing of start-up events is then based upon this user clock, rather than CCLK. The dif- ference between the SYNC and NOSYNC modes is that for SYNC mode, the timing of two of the start-up events, release of the set/reset of internal FFs, and the I/Os becoming active is triggered by the rise of the external DONE pin followed by a variable number of ris- ing clock edges (either CCLK or UCLK). For the NOSYNC mode, the timing of these two events is based only on either CCLK or UCLK. DONE is an open-drain bidirectional pin that may include an optional (enabled by default) pull-up resistor to accommodate wired ANDing. The open-drain DONE signals from multiple FPGAs can be tied together (ANDed) with a pull-up (internal or external) and used as an active-high ready signal, an active-low PROM enable, or a reset to other portions of the system. When used in SYNC mode, these ANDed DONE pins can be used to synchronize the other two start-up events, since they can all be synchronized to the same external signal. This signal will not rise until all FPGAs release their DONE pins, allowing the signal to be pulled high. The default for ORCA is the CCLK_SYNC synchro- nized start-up mode where DONE is released on the first CCLK rising edge, C1 (see Figure 51). Since this is a synchronized start-up mode, the open-drain DONE signal can be held low externally to stop the occurrence of the other two start-up events. Once the DONE pin has been released and pulled up to a high level, the other two start-up events can be programmed individu- ally to either happen immediately or after up to four ris- ing edges of CCLK (Di, Di + 1, Di + 2, Di + 3, Di + 4). The default is for both events to happen immediately after DONE is released and pulled high. A commonly used design technique is to release DONE one or more clock cycles before allowing the I/O to become active. This allows other configuration devices, such as PROMs, to be disconnected using the DONE signal so that there is no bus contention when the I/Os become active. In addition to controlling the FPGA during start-up, other start-up techniques that avoid contention include using isolation devices between the FPGA and other circuits in the system, reassigning I/O locations, and maintaining I/Os as 3- stated outputs until contentions are resolved. Each of these start-up options can be selected during bit stream generation in ORCA Foundry, using Advanced Options. For more information, please see the ORCA Foundry documentation. |
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