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A4450 Datasheet(PDF) 10 Page - Allegro MicroSystems

Part # A4450
Description  Buck-Boost Controller with Integrated Buck MOSFET
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Manufacturer  ALLEGRO [Allegro MicroSystems]
Direct Link  http://www.allegromicro.com
Logo ALLEGRO - Allegro MicroSystems

A4450 Datasheet(HTML) 10 Page - Allegro MicroSystems

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Buck-Boost Controller
with Integrated Buck MOSFET
A4450
10
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Overview
The A4450 features all the necessary functions to implement an
efficient buck or buck-boost regulation to convert automobile
battery voltage into a tightly regulated voltage. The regulator can
smoothly switch between Buck mode operation and Buck-Boost
mode operation, allowing the operation with input voltage greater
than or less than the output voltage. The A4450 integrates low
RDSON high-side N-MOSFET as a controlled buck switch. The
A4450 provides a gate driver output for the external boost switch.
As shown in Figure 1, the configuration of typical buck-boost
regulator consists of an external freewheeling Schottky diode
dictated as buck diode, another Schottky diode dictated as boost
diode, an external MOSFET as boost switch, inductor, and output
capacitor. The A4450 can provide regulated output voltage rang-
ing from 3 to 8 V with up to 1 A DC load. The A4450 employs
peak current-mode control to provide superior line and load
regulation, pulse-by-pulse current limit, fast transient response,
and simple compensation.
The A4450 features include a transconductance error amplifier
for external compensation network, an enable input (EN), exter-
nally set soft-start time, a SYNC/FSET input to set PWM switch-
ing frequency or synchronize to external clock, an output voltage
range set pin (RNG), a Power-On Reset output (NPOR) pin, and
frequency dithering. Protection features of the A4450 include VIN
undervoltage lockout, pulse-by-pulse overcurrent protections in
Buck-Boost and Buck modes, BOOT capacitor protection, two
levels output overvoltage protection, hiccup mode short-circuit
protection, LX short-circuit protection, missing buck diode pro-
tection, and thermal shutdown. In addition, the A4450 provides
open-circuit, adjacent pin short-circuit, and pin-to-ground short-
circuit protection at every pin.
The A4450 is available in industry-standard QFN-20 package.
VOUT
VIN
Buck
Diode
Boost
Diode
Q1
Buck
Switch
Boost
Switch
Q2
LX
LG
A4450
Figure 1: Basic Buck-Boost Regulator Configuration
Operation Modes
A buck-boost regulator can regulate the output voltage with input
voltage greater than or less than the output voltage. However, the
buck-boost regulator is not as efficient as the buck regulator. The
A4450 is designed as a dual mode controller to resolve this chal-
lenge so that the regulator can operate efficiently under the Buck
mode when the input voltage is greater than the output voltage.
Figure 1 shows the basic buck-boost regulator configuration with
dual mode controller A4450.
BUCK MODE
In case the input voltage is high compared to the output voltage,
the regulator will enter Buck mode: buck switch Q1 turns on and
off with duty cycle, DBuck, to maintain regulation while boost
switch Q2 is off, according to the following equation:
VOUT = DBuck × VIN
(1)
where DBuck is the duty cycle of buck switch.
BUCK-BOOST MODE
When the input voltage decreases toward to the output voltage,
the duty cycle of the buck switch Q1 will increase to maintain
regulation. At the same time, once the programmed boost switch
duty cycle, DBoost (shown in the equation below), is greater
than 0, the boost switch starts to turn on and off with duty cycle
DBoost. The regulator then enters Buck-Boost mode.
The boost switch duty cycle is determined by the equation below:
DBoost = max
VIN × 1.844
RNG
)
0,1 –
(
(2)
where VIN is in Volts (V) and RNG (kΩ) is the resistor connected
between RNG pin and GND.
The Range resistor RNG (kΩ) programs the targeted output volt-
age, VOUT, following the equation below:
RNG =
VOUT (V) × 1.844
DBUCK0
(3)
where DBUCK0 is the preferred buck duty cycle at the instant that
the boost switch starts to switch, typically set between 0.60 and
0.65.


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