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COP8FGR540Q3 Datasheet(PDF) 3 Page - National Semiconductor (TI)

[Old version datasheet] Texas Instruments acquired National semiconductor.
Part # COP8FGR540Q3
Description  8-Bit CMOS ROM Based and OTP Microcontrollers with 8k to 32k Memory, Two Comparators and USART
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Manufacturer  NSC [National Semiconductor (TI)]
Direct Link  http://www.national.com
Logo NSC - National Semiconductor (TI)

COP8FGR540Q3 Datasheet(HTML) 3 Page - National Semiconductor (TI)

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1.0 Device Description
1.1 ARCHITECTURE
The COP8 family is based on a modified Harvard architec-
ture, which allows data tables to be accessed directly from
program memory. This is very important with modern
microcontroller-based applications, since program memory
is usually ROM or EPROM, while data memory is usually
RAM. Consequently data tables need to be contained in
non-volatile memory, so they are not lost when the microcon-
troller is powered down. In a modified Harvard architecture,
instruction fetch and memory data transfers can be over-
lapped with a two stage pipeline, which allows the next in-
struction to be fetched from program memory while the cur-
rent instruction is being executed using data memory. This is
not possible with a Von Neumann single-address bus archi-
tecture.
The COP8 family supports a software stack scheme that al-
lows the user to incorporate many subroutine calls. This ca-
pability is important when using High Level Languages. With
a hardware stack, the user is limited to a small fixed number
of stack levels.
1.2 INSTRUCTION SET
In today’s 8-bit microcontroller application arena cost/
performance, flexibility and time to market are several of the
key issues that system designers face in attempting to build
well-engineered products that compete in the marketplace.
Many of these issues can be addressed through the manner
in which a microcontroller’s instruction set handles process-
ing tasks. And that’s why COP8 family offers a unique and
code-efficient instruction set — one that provides the flexibil-
ity, functionality, reduced costs and faster time to market that
today’s microcontroller based products require.
Code efficiency is important because it enables designers to
pack more on-chip functionality into less program memory
space. Selecting a microcontroller with less program
memory size translates into lower system costs, and the
added security of knowing that more code can be packed
into the available program memory space.
1.2.1 Key Instruction Set Features
The COP8 family incorporates a unique combination of in-
struction set features, which provide designers with optimum
code efficiency and program memory utilization.
Single Byte/Single Cycle Code Execution
The efficiency is due to the fact that the majority of instruc-
tions are of the single byte variety, resulting in minimum pro-
gram space. Because compact code does not occupy a sub-
stantial amount of program memory space, designers can
integrate additional features and functionality into the micro-
controller program memory space. Also, the majority instruc-
tions executed by the device are single cycle, resulting in
minimum program execution time. In fact, 77% of the instruc-
tions are single byte single cycle, providing greater code and
I/O efficiency, and faster code execution.
1.2.2 Many Single-Byte, Multifunction Instructions
The COP8 instruction set utilizes many single-byte, multi-
function instructions. This enables a single instruction to ac-
complish multiple functions, such as DRSZ, DCOR, JID, LD
(Load) and X (Exchange) instructions with post-incrementing
and post-decrementing, to name just a few examples. In
many cases, the instruction set can simultaneously execute
as many as three functions with the same single-byte in-
struction.
JID: (Jump Indirect); Single byte instruction; decodes exter-
nal events and jumps to corresponding service routines
(analogous to “DO CASE” statements in higher level lan-
guages).
LAID: (Load Accumulator-Indirect); Single byte look up table
instruction provides efficient data path from the program
memory to the CPU. This instruction can be used for table
lookup and to read the entire program memory for checksum
calculations.
RETSK: (Return Skip); Single byte instruction allows return
from subroutine and skips next instruction. Decision to
branch can be made in the subroutine itself, saving code.
AUTOINC/DEC: (Auto-Increment/Auto-Decrement); These
instructions use the two memory pointers B and X to effi-
ciently process a block of data (analogous to “FOR NEXT” in
higher level languages).
1.2.3 Bit-Level Control
Bit-level control over many of the microcontroller’s I/O ports
provides a flexible means to ease layout concerns and save
board space. All members of the COP8 family provide the
ability to set, reset and test any individual bit in the data
memory address space, including memory-mapped I/O ports
and associated registers.
1.2.4 Register Set
Three memory-mapped pointers handle register indirect ad-
dressing and software stack pointer functions. The memory
data pointers allow the option of post-incrementing or post-
decrementing with the data movement instructions (LOAD/
EXCHANGE). And 15 memory-maped registers allow de-
signers to optimize the precise implementation of certain
specific instructions.
1.3 EMI REDUCTION
The COP8FGx5 family of devices incorporates circuitry that
guards against electromagnetic interference — an increasing
problem in today’s microcontroller board designs. National’s
patented EMI reduction technology offers low EMI clock cir-
cuitry, gradual turn-on output drivers (GTOs) and internal I
CC
smoothing filters, to help circumvent many of the EMI issues
influencing
embedded
control
designs.
National
has
achieved 15 dB–20 dB reduction in EMI transmissions when
designs have incorporated its patented EMI reducing cir-
cuitry.
1.4 PACKAGING/PIN EFFICIENCY
Real estate and board configuration considerations demand
maximum space and pin efficiency, particularly given today’s
high integration and small product form factors. Microcontrol-
ler users try to avoid using large packages to get the I/O
needed. Large packages take valuable board space and in-
creases device cost, two trade-offs that microcontroller de-
signs can ill afford.
The COP8 family offers a wide range of packages and do not
waste pins: up to 90.9% (or 40 pins in the 44-pin package)
are devoted to useful I/O.
www.national.com
3


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