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ATMEGA323L-4AI Datasheet(PDF) 9 Page - ATMEL Corporation |
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ATMEGA323L-4AI Datasheet(HTML) 9 Page - ATMEL Corporation |
9 / 247 page 9 ATmega323(L) 1457G–AVR–09/03 Figure 5. The ATmega323 AVR Enhanced RISC Architecture The AVR uses a Harvard architecture concept – with separate memories and buses for Program and Data. The Program memory is executed with a single level pipelining. While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the Pro- gram memory. This concept enables instructions to be executed in every clock cycle. The Program memory is In-System Reprogrammable Flash memory. With the jump and call instructions, the whole 16K address space is directly accessed. Most AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format. Every Program memory address contains a 16- or 32-bit instruction. Program Flash memory space is divided in two sections, the Boot Program section (512 to 4K bytes, see page 177) and the Application Program section. Both sections have dedicated Lock bits for write and read/write protection. The SPM instruction that writes into the Application Flash memory section is allowed only in the Boot Program section. During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address Program Counter (PC) is stored on the Stack. The Stack is effectively allocated in the general data SRAM, and consequently the Stack size is only limited by the total SRAM size and the usage of the SRAM. All user programs must initialize the SP in the Reset Routine (before subroutines or interrupts are executed). The 12-bit Stack Pointer SP is read/write accessible in the I/O space. 16K X 16 Program Memory Instruction Register Instruction Decoder Program Counter Control Lines 32 x 8 General Purpose Registrers ALU Status and Control Interrupt Unit SPI Unit Watchdog Timer A/D Converter MUX and Gain Analog Comparator 32 I/O Lines 1K x 8 EEPROM Data Bus 8-bit Serial TWI Bus 16-bit Timer/Counter with PWM 8-bit Timer/Counter with PWM 2K x 8 Data SRAM 8-bit Timer/Counter with PWM Serial USART |
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