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LTC4150 Datasheet(PDF) 8 Page - Linear Technology

Part # LTC4150
Description  Coulomb Counter/ Battery Gas Gauge
Download  14 Pages
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Manufacturer  LINER [Linear Technology]
Direct Link  http://www.linear.com
Logo LINER - Linear Technology

LTC4150 Datasheet(HTML) 8 Page - Linear Technology

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LTC4150
8
4150fc
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
SENSE VOLTAGE INPUT AND FILTERS
Since the overall integration time is set by internally trim-
ming the LTC4150, no external timing capacitor or trimming
is necessary. The only external component that affects
the transfer function of interrupts per coulomb of charge
is the sense resistor, RSENSE. The common mode range
for the SENSE+ and SENSEpins is VDD ±60mV, with a
maximum differential voltage range of ±50mV. SENSE+ is
normally tied to VDD, so there is no common mode issue
when SENSEoperates within the 50mV differential limit
relative to SENSE+.
Choose RSENSE to provide 50mV drop at maximum charge
or discharge current, whichever is greater. Calculate
RSENSE from:
R
mV
I
SENSE
MAX
=
50
(1)
The sense input range is small (±50mV) to minimize the
loss across RSENSE. To preserve accuracy, use Kelvin
connections at RSENSE.
The external filter capacitor, CF, operates against a total
on-chip resistance of 4k to form a lowpass filter that
averages battery current and improves accuracy in the
presence of noise, spikes and ripple. 4.7μF is recom-
mended for general applications but can be extended to
higher values as long as the capacitor’s leakage is low.
A 10nA leakage is roughly equivalent to the input offset
error of the integrator. Ceramic capacitors are suitable
for this use.
Switching regulators are a particular concern because
they generate high levels of current ripple which may flow
through the battery. The VDD and SENSE+ connection to
the charger and load should be bypassed by at least 4.7μF
at the LTC4150 if a switching regulator is present.
The LTC4150 maintains high accuracy even when Burst
Mode
® switching regulators are used. Burst pulse “on”
levels must be within the specified differential input volt-
age range of 50mV as measured at CF+ and CF–. To retain
accurate charge information, the LTC4150 must remain
enabled during Burst Mode operation. If the LTC4150
shuts down or VDD drops below 2.5V, the part resets and
charge information is lost.
Coulomb Counting
The LTC4150’s transfer function is quantified as a volt-
age to frequency gain GVF, where output frequency is the
number of interrupts per second and input voltage is the
differential drive VSENSE across SENSE+ and SENSE. The
number of interrupts per second will be:
f = GVF • ⏐VSENSE
(2)
where
VSENSE = IBATTERY • RSENSE
(3)
Therefore,
f = GVF • ⏐IBATTERY • RSENSE
(4)
Since I • t = Q, coulombs of battery charge per INT pulse
can be derived from Equation 4:
One INT
GR
Coulombs
VF
SENSE
=
1
(5)
Battery capacity is most often expressed in ampere-
hours.
1Ah = 3600 Coulombs
(6)
Combining Equations 5 and 6:
One INT
GR
VF
SENSE
=
1
3600 •
[Ah]
(7)
or
1Ah = 3600 • GVF • RSENSE Interrupts
(8)
The charge measurement may be further scaled within
the microcontroller. However, the number of interrupts,
coulombs or Ah all represent battery charge.
The LTC4150’s transfer function is set only by the value
of the sense resistor and the gain GVF. Once RSENSE is
selected using Equation 1, the charge per interrupt can
be determined from Equation 5 or 7.
Note that RSENSE is not chosen to set the relationship
between ampere-hours of battery charge and number of
interrupts issued by the LTC4150. Rather, RSENSEischosen
to keep the maximum sense voltage equal to or less than
the LTC4150’s 50mV full-scale sense input.


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