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AN2030 Datasheet(PDF) 2 Page - STMicroelectronics

Part # AN2030
Description  BACK EMF DETECTION DURING PWM ON TIME BY ST7MC
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Manufacturer  STMICROELECTRONICS [STMicroelectronics]
Direct Link  http://www.st.com
Logo STMICROELECTRONICS - STMicroelectronics

AN2030 Datasheet(HTML) 2 Page - STMicroelectronics

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BACK EMF DETECTION DURING PWM ON TIME BY ST7MC
1 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS DURING PWM OFF TIME
Generally, a brushless dc motor is driven by a three-phase inverter with what is called six-step
commutation. The conducting interval for each phase is 120° by electrical angle. Therefore,
only two phases conduct current at any time, leaving the third phase floating. This opens a
window to detect the back EMF in the floating winding.
For the direct back EMF sensing scheme, the PWM signal is applied on high side switches
only, and the back EMF signal is synchronously sampled during the PWM off time. The low
side switches are only switched to commutate the phases of the motor. The true back EMF
can be detected during off time of PWM because the terminal voltage of the motor is directly
proportional to the phase back EMF during this interval. Also, the back EMF information is ref-
erenced to ground, which eliminates the common mode noise; and the synchronous sampling
rejects the high-frequency switching noise. Only three resistors are required to detect the back
EMF, as shown in Figure 1.
Ideally, the terminal voltage for the floating phase is directly proportional to the back EMF
signal in steady state during PWM off time [1]. The equation is as following:
Where Vx is the terminal voltage, ex is the back EMF of the floating phase.
Figure 1. Direct Back EMF Sensing block diagram
The equation (1) is valid only in steady state.
v
ab c
,,
3
2
---e
ab c
,,
=
(1)
MC00
MC01
MC02
MC03
MC04
MC05
MCIC
MCIB
MCIA
ST72141
motor
Microcontroller
Power stage
Back EMF Sensing
R1
R2
R3
2


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