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ISL6721ABZ Datasheet(PDF) 10 Page - Intersil Corporation |
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ISL6721ABZ Datasheet(HTML) 10 Page - Intersil Corporation |
10 / 22 page 10 FN9110.6 March 5, 2008 The total supply current (IC plus ICC) will be higher, depending on the load applied to GATE. Total current is the sum of the quiescent current and the average gate current. Knowing the operating frequency, fsw, and the MOSFET gate charge, Qg, the average GATE output current can be calculated in Equation 5: VREF - The 5V reference voltage output. Bypass to LGND with a 0.01µF or larger capacitor to filter this output as needed. Using capacitance less than this value may result in unstable operation. SS - Connect the soft-start capacitor between this pin and LGND to control the duration of soft-start. The value of the capacitor determines both the rate of increase of the duty cycle during start-up, and also controls the overcurrent shutdown delay. ISET - A DC voltage between 0.35V and 1.2V applied to this input sets the pulse-by-pulse overcurrent threshold. When overcurrent inception occurs, the SS capacitor begins to discharge and starts the overcurrent delayed shutdown cycle. Functional Description Features The ISL6721 current mode PWMs make an ideal choice for low-cost flyback and forward topology applications requiring enhanced control and supervisory capability. With adjustable overvoltage and undervoltage thresholds, overcurrent threshold, and hic-cup delay, a highly flexible design with minimal external components is possible. Other features include peak current mode control, adjustable soft-start, slope compensation, adjustable oscillator frequency, and a bi-directional synchronization clock input. Oscillator The ISL6721 have a sawtooth oscillator with a programmable frequency range to 1MHz, which can be programmed with a resistor and capacitor on the RTCT pin. (Please refer to Figure 4 for the resistance and capacitance required for a given frequency.) Implementing Synchronization The oscillator can be synchronized to an external clock applied at the SYNC pin or by connecting the SYNC pins of multiple ICs together. If an external master clock signal is used, it must be at least 65% of the free running frequency of the oscillator for proper synchronization. The external master clock signal should have a pulse width greater than 20ns. If no master clock is used, the first device to assert SYNC assumes control of the SYNC signal. An external SYNC pulse is ignored if it occurs during the first 1/3 of the switching cycle. During normal operation the RTCT voltage charges from 1.5V to 3.0V and back during each cycle. Clock and SYNC signals are generated when the 3.0V threshold is reached. If an external clock signal is detected during the latter 2/3 of the charging cycle, the oscillator switches to external synchronization mode and relies upon the external SYNC signal to terminate the oscillator cycle. The generation of a SYNC signal is inhibited in this mode. If the RTCT voltage exceeds 4.0V (i.e. no external SYNC signal terminates the cycle), the oscillator reverts to the internal clock mode and a SYNC signal is generated. Soft-Start Operation The ISL6721 features soft-start using an external capacitor in conjunction with an internal current source. Soft-start is used to reduce voltage stresses and surge currents during start up. Upon start up, the soft-start circuitry clamps the error amplifier output (COMP pin) to a value proportional to the soft-start voltage. The error amplifier output rises as the soft-start capacitor voltage rises. This has the effect of increasing the output pulse width from zero to the steady state operating duty cycle during the soft-start period. When the soft-start voltage exceeds the error amplifier voltage, soft-start is completed. Soft-start forces a controlled output voltage rise. Soft-start occurs during start-up and after recovery from a fault condition or overcurrent shutdown. The soft-start voltage is clamped to 4.5V. Gate Drive The ISL6721 is capable of sourcing and sinking 1A peak current. Separate collector supply (VC) and power ground (PGnd) pins help isolate the IC’s analog circuitry from the high power gate drive noise. To limit the peak current through the IC, an external resistor may be placed between the totem-pole output of the IC (GATE pin) and the gate of the MOSFET. This small series resistor also damps any oscillations caused by the resonant tank of the parasitic inductances in the traces of the board and the FET’s input capacitance. Slope Compensation For applications where the maximum duty cycle is less than 50%, slope compensation may be used to improve noise immunity, particularly at lighter loads. The amount of slope compensation required for noise immunity is determined empirically, but is generally about 10% of the full scale current feedback signal. For applications where the duty cycle is greater than 50%, slope compensation is required to prevent instability. Slope compensation is a technique in which the current feedback signal is modified by adding additional slope to it. The minimum amount of slope compensation required corresponds to 1/2 the inductor downslope. However, adding excessive slope compensation results in a control loop that behaves more as a voltage mode controller than as current mode controller. (EQ. 5) Igate Qg f sw • = A ISL6721 |
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