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HI-3112PSIF Datasheet(PDF) 6 Page - Holt Integrated Circuits |
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HI-3112PSIF Datasheet(HTML) 6 Page - Holt Integrated Circuits |
6 / 53 page generated bit level is constant during the total bit time and consecutive bits do not return to a neutral or rest condition. This means that a bit stream of “1s” or “0”s appears continuous on the bus. A logic “0” is called a dominant bit and a logic “1” is called a recessive bit. Bit stuffing is used to ensure frequent enough transitions occur to achieve synchronization. Every time a transmitter detects five consecutive bits of the same polarity in the bit stream to be transmitted, it inserts a bit of opposite polarity into the actual transmitted bit stream. This bit stuffing rule applies to the Start-of-Frame field, arbitration field, control field, data field and CRC sequence. The CRC delimiter, ACK field and End-Of-Frame fields are of fixed form and not stuffed (see below for definition of these fields). Furthermore, Error frames and Overload frames are also of fixed form and not stuffed. An example of how the bits in a stuffed bit stream might look is shown below. 00101011111 0000 1100000 11000 0 = dominant bit, = dominant stuffed bit. 1 = recessive bit, = recessive stuffed bit. The standard data frame is shown in figure 2. The frame starts with a Start-of-Frame (SOF) bit. This is a dominant bit that identifies the start of the data frame on the bus. The SOF is followed by the 12-bit arbitration field. The arbitration field consists of an 11-bit identifer, ID28 - ID18, and the Remote Transmission Request (RTR) bit. The RTR bit is used to distinguish between a data frame (RTR bit dominant, logic 0) and a remote frame (RTR bit recessive, logic 1). Following the arbitration field is the 6-bit control field. The first bit of the control field is the Identifier Extension flag bit (IDE). This is used to distinguish between standard and extended identifiers and must be dominant (logic 0) for standard data frames. The next bit, r0, is specified by the CAN protocol as a reserved bit for future expansion. This bit must be transmitted dominant, but receivers must be capable of receiving either a dominant or recessive bit. The final 4 bits of the control field make up the data length code (DLC). The binary value of this 4-bit field specifies the number of data bytes in the data payload (0 - 8 bytes). All binary combinations greater than or equal to <1000> specify 8 bytes of data. After the control field is the data field, which contains a data payload equal to the number of bytes specified by the DLC (see note above). The data field is followed by the 16-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) field. This is used to check transmission errors by computing a 15-bit CRC sequence from the previous bit stream (SOF, arbitration field, control field and data field, excluding stuff bits). The last bit in the CRC field is the CRC delimiter bit (always recessive). After the CRC field is the Acknowledge Field (ACK Field). The first bit is the ACK Slot bit. A transmitting node sends a recessive bit (logic 1) during the ACK slot. Any node which receives the message error-free acknowledges the reception by placing a dominant bit (logic 0) in the ACK slot, over-writing the recessive bit of the transmitter. The final bit in the ACK field is a recessive ACK delimiter bit. Therefore, the dominant ACK slot bit is surrounded on each side by a recessive bit. Each data frame is delimited by an End-Of-Frame field (EOF). The EOF consists of seven recessive bits. Following the EOF, there is a gap to the next frame called the Interframe Space (IFS) . The IFS consists of two bit fields, Intermission and Bus-Idle. The Intermission consists of three recessive bits, however the following notes apply: a) detection of a dominant bit on the bus at the third slot is interpreted as a SOF, b) detection of a dominant bit in either the first or second slots results in generation of an overload frame (see below). The bus idle period is of arbitrary length and consists of recessive bits. A dominant bit detected during this period is interpreted as a SOF. The extended data frame is shown in figure 3. In this frame format, SOF is followed by a 32-bit arbitration field consisting of a 29-bit identifier, ID28 - ID0. The first 11 most significant bits of the ID are know as the base identifier. This is followed by the Substitute Remote Request (SRR) bit, which is defined as recessive. Following the SRR bit is the IDE bit, which is defined as recessive for extended data frames. Note that the SRR bit is in the same slot as the RTR bit of the standard frame and the IDE bits are also in corresponding slots. This means if standard and extended identifier data frames with identical base identifiers are transmitted simultaneously, the standard identifier data frame will win arbitration (see Bitwise Arbitration section below). The SRR and IDE bits are followed by the remaining 18 bits of the identifier (extended ID) and the last bit of the arbitration field is the RTR bit. The RTR bit has the same function as in the standard frame format. Following the arbitration field is the 6-bit control field. The first two bits, r1 and r0, are specified by the CAN protocol as reserved bits for future expansion. Both these bits must be transmitted dominant, but receivers must be able to receive all combinations of dominant or recessive bits. The final 4 bits of the control field is the data length code (DLC). The OI I O I STANDARD DATA FRAME Note: EXTENDED DATA FRAME MESSAGE FRAMES HI-3110 HOLT INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 6 |
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