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PXI-5441 Datasheet(PDF) 3 Page - National Instruments Corporation |
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PXI-5441 Datasheet(HTML) 3 Page - National Instruments Corporation |
3 / 7 page 3 National Instruments • Tel: (800) 433-3488 • info@ni.com • ni.com 100 MS/s, 16-bit Arbitrary Waveform Generator with Onboard Signal Processing DAC Interpolation The NI 5441 uses digital interpolation to improve the output signal quality of smooth waveforms. Every digital-to-analog converter (DAC) produces reconstruction images in the frequency domain as a result of the conversion process. Appearing at |fo ±nfs|, where fo is the frequency of the desired signal and fs is the sampling rate, reconstruction images are undesirable for smooth signals, such as sine waves. Typically, arbitrary waveform generators suppress the reconstruction images by using high-order low-pass filters with a cutoff frequency near the generator’s Nyquist frequency (50 MHz for a 100 MS/s sample rate). By using a high-order filter with such a low cutoff frequency, the filter’s non-idealities, such as passband ripple and non-linear phase significantly affect the generator’s performance. The NI 5441 uses digital interpolation to increase the effective sample rate, relocating the reconstruction images to higher frequencies. By doing so, the required analog filter cutoff frequency is increased which lessens the filter’s distortion effects. The combination of digital interpolation and analog filtering enable the NI 5441 to have excellent passband flatness and improved image rejection ensuring a low-distortion output signal. For sharp waveforms, such as square waves, pulses, and video signals, interpolation and analog filtering can be disabled resulting in fast rise/fall times and low pulse aberration (overshoot, undershoot, etc). Waveform Sequencing and Triggering The NI 5441 can be programmed to sequence and loop a set of waveforms. Several methods can be used to advance through the sequence of waveforms. In some cases, the duration of each waveform is known in advance, so the generator can be programmed to loop each waveform a specified number of times. When the duration is unknown before generation, a hardware or software trigger can advance the generator to the next waveform in the sequence. The NI 5441 implements advanced triggering behavior with four trigger modes: single, continuous, burst, and stepped. For a detailed discuss of these modes, please consult the NI Signal Generators Help Guide available at ni.com/manuals. NI’s SMC-based generators have the unique capability to store multiple sequences and their associated waveforms in the generator’s onboard memory (Figure 4). In automated test situations involving multiple tests each requiring a different waveform sequence, all of the sequences and waveforms can be downloaded once at the beginning of the test cycle and held in the generator’s memory for the entire session. By downloading all required waveforms and sequences once, instead of repeatedly reloading them for each test, the SMC-based generators save test time and improve test throughput. Timing and Synchronization Using T-Clock synchronization technology, multiple NI 5441’s can be synchronized for applications requiring a greater number of channels, such as I/Q signal generation or multiple IF generation for MIMO systems. Since it is built into the SMC, T-Clock can synchronize the NI 5441 with SMC-based high-speed digitizers and digital waveform generator/analyzers for tight correlation of analog and digital stimulus and response. Using onboard calibration measurements and compensation, T-Clock can automatically synchronize any combination of SMC-based modules with less than 500 psrms module-to-module skew. Greatly improved from traditional synchronization methods, the skew between modules does not increase as the number of modules increases. To achieve even better performance, a high-bandwidth oscilloscope can be used to precisely measure the module-to-module skew. Using the oscilloscope measurement for calibration information, T-Clock can achieve < 20 psrms module-to-module skew (Figure 5). Figure 4. NI’s SMC-based arbitrary waveform generators increase test throughput by storing all the waveforms and sequences required for a set of test in onboard memory. Figure 3. Using a combination of digital interpolation and analog filtering, the NI 5441 greatly reduces the DAC reconstruction images as shown for the 10 MHz sine signal generated at 100 MS/s using 4x interpolation for a 400 MS/s effective sampling rate. (Noise floor is limited by the measurement device.) Waveform 1 Waveform 2 Waveform n • • •• • • Sequence Instructions 1 Sequence Instructions 2 Sequence Instructions m Free Memory Figure 5. Using the Synchronization and Memory Core’s T-Clock synchronization, multiple NI 5441 can achieve less than 20 ps channel-to-channel skew. |
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