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LTC3544EUD-TRPBF Datasheet(PDF) 9 Page - Linear Technology |
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LTC3544EUD-TRPBF Datasheet(HTML) 9 Page - Linear Technology |
9 / 16 page LTC3544 9 3544fa OPERATION The LTC3544 uses a constant-frequency current mode architecture. The operating frequency is set at 2.25MHz. All channels share the same clock and run in-phase. The output voltage for each regulator is set by an external resistor divider returned to the VFB pin. An error ampli- fier compares the divided output voltage with a reference voltage of 0.8V and regulates the peak inductor current accordingly. Main Control Loop During normal operation, the top power switch (P-channel MOSFET) is turned on at the beginning of a clock cycle when the VFB voltage is below the reference voltage. The current into the inductor and the load increases until the peak inductor current (controlled by ITH)isreached.TheRS latch turns off the top switch, turns on the bottom switch, and energy stored in the inductor is discharged through the bottom switch (N-channel MOSFET) into the load until the next clock cycle begins, or until the inductor current begins to reverse (sensed by the IRCMP comparator). The peak inductor current is controlled by the internally compensated ITH voltage, which is the output of the er- ror amplifier. This amplifier regulates the VFB pin to the internal 0.8V reference by adjusting the peak inductor current accordingly. Burst Mode Operation To optimize efficiency, the LTC3544 automatically switches from continuous operation to Burst Mode operation when the load current is relatively light. During Burst Mode operation, the peak inductor current (as set by ITH) re- mains fixed at a low level and the PMOS switch operates intermittently based on load demand. By running cycles periodically, the switching losses are minimized. The duration of each burst event can range from a few cycles at light load to almost continuous cycling with short sleep intervals at moderate loads. During the sleep intervals, the load current is being supplied solely from the output capacitor. As the output voltage droops, the error amplifier output rises above the sleep threshold, signaling the burst comparator to trip and turn the top MOSFET on. This cycle repeats at a rate that is dependent on load demand. Soft-Start Soft-start reduces surge currents on VIN and output overshoot during start-up. Soft-start on the LTC3544 is implemented by internally ramping the reference signal fed to the error amplifier over approximately a 1ms period. Figure 1 shows the behavior of the four regulator channels during soft-start. Short-Circuit Protection Short-circuit protection is achieved by monitoring the in- ductor current. When the current exceeds a predetermined level, the main switch is turned off, and the synchronous switch is turned on long enough to allow the current in the inductor to decay below the fault threshold. This prevents a catastrophic inductor current, run-away condition, but will still provide current to the output. Output voltage regulation in this condition is not achieved. DROPOUT OPERATION As the input supply voltage decreases to a value approach- ing the output voltage, the duty cycle increases toward the maximum on-time. Further reduction of the supply voltage forces the main switch to remain on for more than one cycle until it reaches 100% duty cycle. The output voltage will then be determined by the input voltage minus the voltage drop across the P-channel MOSFET and the inductor. An important detail to remember is that at low input supply voltages, the RDS(ON) of the P-channel switch increases (see Typical Performance Characteristics). Therefore, the user should calculate the power dissipation when the LTC3544 is used at 100% duty cycle with low input voltage (see Thermal Considerations in the Applications Information section). Figure 1. Regulator Soft-Start VOUT100 VOUT200A VOUT200B VOUT300 RUNx 200 μs/DIV VIN = 3.6V TA = 25°C ALL CHANNELS UNLOADED 3544 G12 (Refer to Functional Diagrams) |
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