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AVR465 Datasheet(PDF) 2 Page - ATMEL Corporation |
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AVR465 Datasheet(HTML) 2 Page - ATMEL Corporation |
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2 / 40 page  2 AVR465 2566A-AVR-07/04 Overview Power meters are sometimes referred to as energy meters and vice versa. Per definition, (active) power is a measure of what is required (or consumed) in order to perform useful work. For example, a light bulb with a 100W rating consumes 100 watts of active power in order to create light (and heat). Energy, per definition, is the measure of how much work has been required over a known period of time. In the light bulb example, leaving the bulb on for an hour it will consume 100W * 3600s = 360000Ws (watt-seconds) = 100Wh (watt-hours) = 0.1kWh (kilowatt-hours) of energy. The meter described in this application note can be referred to as a power meter, an energy meter or a kilowatt-hour meter. The Energy Pulse output (EP) is a ready indication of active power, as registered by the meter; the frequency of the pulse is directly proportional to active power. Integrating pulses over time gives active energy. For storage purposes, the meter includes two pulse outputs (DPP and DPN) to directly drive various display counters. All pulse outputs are easy to configure for any reasonable rate. The default is 10.000 impulses per kilowatt-hour for the EP output and 100 impulses per kilowatt-hour for the DPP/DPN pulses. Not only pulse rates are readily adjusted; All measurement results can be calibrated in the digital domain, removing the need for any trimming components. This includes adjustments to compensate for phase delays in current transformers. The calibration event can be automated, removing the time-consuming manual trimming required in traditional, electromechanical meters. Digital calibration is fast and efficient, reducing the overall production time and cost. Calibration coefficients are safely stored in the internal EEPROM, further reducing the need for external devices. The brain of the meter is the firmware, which is provided open source. Although it includes all the functionality required for a tamper-proof, single-phase meter, it can be modified and updated at any time. Even in the field. The firmware is entirely written in C, which makes modifications easy to implement. Integrity and intellectual property are yet easy to secure using Lock Bits of the AVR microcontroller. Meter Hardware The energy meter hardware consists of a power supply, an analog front end, a microcontroller section, and an interface section. The meter described in this application note connects to high currents and high voltages. High currents and high voltages may be hazardous, even lethal. Hence, the meter should be operated by qualified technicians only. Atmel takes no responsibility for any consequence that may result from the use of this document or the application described herein. Warning: Shock Hazard |
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