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8-Pole, 6-Zero
Constant Delay
Appendix A
Low-Pass (100 dB)
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1.Normalized Group Delay:
The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency
of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided
by the actual corner frequency (fc).
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
Actual Delay =
Normalized Delay
Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
Frequency Response
Delay (Normalized)
Step Response
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
-0.2
0.1
1.0
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.15
.007
.005
.004
.003
.003
.025
.022
.017
.013
.011
.054
.043
.036
.030
.028
.186
.151
.125
.090
.068
.650
.504
.389
.306
.235
.861
.857
.851
.828
.785
.865
.865
.865
.864
.863
.865
.865
.865
.865
.865
0.00
-31.1
-62.3
-93.4
-125
-156
-187
-218
-249
-265
-280
-296
-311
-341
-370
-422
-464
-496
-520
-544
-563
-578
-591
-610
-624
-635
-643
-651
-476
-478
-481
-486
-312
-318
-322
-328
-333
-336
-339
-341
-105
-106
-107
-108
-109
-106
-110
-122
-109
-106
-81.3
-93.4
-142
-105
-105
-40.5
-46.1
-51.4
-61.5
-71.2
-11.2
-16.8
-22.5
-28.0
-34.5
-1.89
-2.41
-3.01
-4.50
-6.38
0.010
-0.182
-0.532
-1.09
-1.45
0.00
0.015
0.051
0.085
0.085
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
6.50
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.0
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.20
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.50
4.00
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.25
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.10
1.20
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.85
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
(sec)
Theoretical Transfer Characteristics
1
f/fc
(Hz)
Amp
(dB)
Phase
(deg)
Delay
0.1
1.0
10.0
2
3 4 5 678
2
3 4 5 67
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0