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HT48R05A-1 Datasheet(PDF) 5 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
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HT48R05A-1 Datasheet(HTML) 5 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
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5 / 38 page  HT48R05A-1/HT48C05/HT48R06A-1/HT48C06 Rev. 1.10 5 June 9, 2004 Functional Description Execution Flow The system clock for the microcontroller is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while de- coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruc- tion to effectively execute in a cycle. If an instruction changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. Program Counter - PC The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in program ROM are exe- cuted and its contents specify full range of program memory. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in- struction code, the contents of the program counter are incremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex- ecution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial re- set, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed with the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a read- able and writable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within 256 locations. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 F e t c h I N S T ( P C ) E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C - 1 ) F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 1 ) E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C ) F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 2 ) E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C + 1 ) P C P C + 1 P C + 2 S y s t e m C l o c k O S C 2 ( R C o n l y ) P C Execution Flow Mode Program Counter *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 0000000000 External Interrupt 0000000100 Timer/Event Counter Overflow 0000001000 Skip PC+2 Loading PCL *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Jump, Call Branch #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Return from Subroutine S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Program Counter Note: *9~*0: Program Counter bits S9~S0: Stack register bits #9~#0: Instruction code bits @7~@0: PCL bits For HT48R05A-1/HT48C05, the Program Counter is 9 bits wide, i.e. from *8~*0 For HT48R06A-1/HT48C06, the Program Counter is 10 bits wide, i.e. from *9~*0 |
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